Selected publications on the non-specific effects of vaccines
2025
Neonatal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination Decreases Eczema Incidence at 5 years: The MIS BAIR Randomised Controlled Trial. Pittet et al., Allergy, 2025.
Effect of BCG Danish and oral polio vaccine on neonatal mortality in newborn babies weighing less than 2000 g in India: multicentre open label randomised controlled trial (BLOW2). Adhisivam et al., BMJ, 2025.
Vaccination against measles-mumps-rubella and rates of non-targeted infectious disease hospitalisations: Nationwide register-based cohort studies in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Gehrt et al., Journal of Infection, 2025.
Effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccination. Messina et al., Clinical & Translational Immunology, 2025.
2024
Evaluating the effect of BCG vaccination for non-specific protection from infection in senior citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomised clinical trial. Madsen et al., Journal of Infection, 2024.
Late in the US pandemic, multi-dose BCG vaccines protect against COVID-19 and infectious diseases. Kühtreiber et al., iScience, 2024.
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination induces a trained innate immunity phenotype in adults over 50 years of age: A randomized trial in Guinea-Bissau. Berendsen et al., Vaccine, 2024.
BCG vaccination stimulates integrated organ immunity by feedback of the adaptive immune response to imprint prolonged innate antiviral resistance. Lee et al., Nature Immunology, 2024.
Therapeutic BCG vaccine protects against long COVID: The BATTLE randomized clinical trial. Jalalizadeh et al., Journal of Internal Medicine, 2024.
BCG vaccination of healthcare workers for protection against COVID-19: 12-month outcomes from an international randomised controlled trial. Messina et al., Journal of Infection, 2024.
The mark of success: The role of vaccine-induced skin scar formation for BCG and smallpox vaccine-associated clinical benefits. Bæk et al., Seminars in Immunopathology, 2024.
The association between BCG scars and self-reported chronic diseases: A cross-sectional observational study within an RCT of Danish health care workers. Søvik et al., Vaccine, 2024.
Can earlier BCG-Japan and OPV vaccination reduce early infant mortality? A cluster-randomised trial in Guinea-Bissau. Thysen et al., BMJ Global Health, 2024.
Effect of a campaign with oral polio vaccine on general health: A cluster-randomised trial in rural Guinea-Bissau. Nanque et al., Journal of Infection, 2024.
Vaccines and Dementia: Part II. Efficacy of BCG and Other Vaccines Against Dementia. Greenblatt et al., Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 2024.
Multi-omics analysis of innate and adaptive responses to BCG vaccination reveals epigenetic cell states that predict trained immunity. Moorlag et al., Immunity, 2024.
MMR vaccination induces trained immunity via functional and metabolic reprogramming of γδ T cells. Röring et al., The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2024.
2023
Implications of Non-Specific Effects for Testing, Approving, and Regulating Vaccines. Benn et al., Drug Safety, 2023.
Non-specific effects of Pneumococcal and Haemophilus vaccines in children aged 5 years and under: a systematic review. Geraghty et al., BMJ Open, 2023.
Using BCG Vaccine to Enhance Nonspecific Protection of Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Madsen et al., The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2023.
BCG vaccination stimulates integrated organ immunity by feedback of the adaptive immune response to imprint prolonged innate antiviral resistance. Lee et al., Nature Immunology, 2023.
2022
Multiple BCG vaccinations for the prevention of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in type 1 diabetes. Faustman et al., Cell Reports Medicine, 2022.
2021
A Live-Vaccine-Last Schedule: Saving an Extra Million Lives a Year? Shann, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2021.
2020
BCG vaccination–induced emergency granulopoiesis provides rapid protection from neonatal sepsis. Brook et al., Science Translational Medicine, 2020.
The non-specific and sex-differential effects of vaccines. Aaby et al., Nature Reviews Immunology, 2020.
Activate: Randomized Clinical Trial of BCG Vaccination against Infection in the Elderly. Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al., Cell, 2020.
Vaccinology: time to change the paradigm? Benn et al., Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2020.
2018
Long-term reduction in hyperglycemia in advanced type 1 diabetes: the value of induced aerobic glycolysis with BCG vaccinations. Kühtreiber et al., NPJ Vaccines, 2018.
The influence of BCG on vaccine responses – a systematic review. Zimmermann et al., Expert Review of Vaccines, 2018.
2016
Sex-Differential Non-Vaccine-Specific Immunological Effects of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Measles Vaccination. Noho-Konteh et al., Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2016.
Association of BCG, DTP, and measles containing vaccines with childhood mortality: systematic review. Higgins et al., BMJ, 2016.
2012
Bacille Calmette-Guerin induces NOD2-dependent nonspecific protection from reinfection via epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes. Kleinnijenhuis et al., PNAS, 2012.