<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Selected publications on the non-specific effects of vaccines<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Neonatal BCG vaccination to prevent respiratory infections in the first 5 years of life: results from the MIS BAIR randomised controlled trial. Messina et al.<\/a>, Vaccine, 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Neonatal Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin Vaccination Decreases Eczema Incidence at 5 years: The MIS BAIR Randomised Controlled Trial. <\/a>Pittet et al., Allergy, 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Effect of BCG Danish and oral polio vaccine on neonatal mortality in newborn babies weighing less than 2000 g in India: multicentre open label randomised controlled trial (BLOW2)<\/a>. Adhisivam et al., BMJ, 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vaccination against measles-mumps-rubella and rates of non-targeted infectious disease hospitalisations: Nationwide register-based cohort studies in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden<\/a>. Gehrt et al., Journal of Infection, 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Effect of Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin vaccination on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccination. <\/a>Messina et al., Clinical & Translational Immunology, 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2024<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Evaluating the effect of BCG vaccination for non-specific protection from infection in senior citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomised clinical trial<\/a>. Madsen et al., Journal of Infection, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Late in the US pandemic, multi-dose BCG vaccines protect against COVID-19 and infectious diseases<\/a>. K\u00fchtreiber et al., iScience, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin vaccination induces a trained innate immunity phenotype in adults over 50 years of age: A randomized trial in Guinea-Bissau<\/a>. Berendsen et al., Vaccine, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n BCG vaccination stimulates integrated organ immunity by feedback of the adaptive immune response to imprint prolonged innate antiviral resistance<\/a>. Lee et al., Nature Immunology, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Therapeutic BCG vaccine protects against long COVID: The BATTLE randomized clinical trial<\/a>. Jalalizadeh et al., Journal of Internal Medicine, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n BCG vaccination of healthcare workers for protection against COVID-19: 12-month outcomes from an international randomised controlled trial<\/a>. Messina et al., Journal of Infection, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The mark of success: The role of vaccine-induced skin scar formation for BCG and smallpox vaccine-associated clinical benefits<\/a>. B\u00e6k et al., Seminars in Immunopathology, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The association between BCG scars and self-reported chronic diseases: A cross-sectional observational study within an RCT of Danish health care workers.<\/a> S\u00f8vik et al., Vaccine, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Can earlier BCG-Japan and OPV vaccination reduce early infant mortality? A cluster-randomised trial in Guinea-Bissau<\/a>. Thysen et al., BMJ Global Health, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Effect of a campaign with oral polio vaccine on general health: A cluster-randomised trial in rural Guinea-Bissau<\/a>. Nanque et al., Journal of Infection, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vaccines and Dementia: Part II. Efficacy of BCG and Other Vaccines Against Dementia<\/a>. Greenblatt et al., Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Multi-omics analysis of innate and adaptive responses to BCG vaccination reveals epigenetic cell states that predict trained immunity<\/a>. Moorlag et al., Immunity, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n MMR vaccination induces trained immunity via functional and metabolic reprogramming of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells<\/a>. R\u00f6ring et al., The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2023<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Implications of Non-Specific Effects for Testing, Approving, and Regulating Vaccines<\/a>. Benn et al., Drug Safety, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Non-specific effects of Pneumococcal and Haemophilus vaccines in children aged 5 years and under: a systematic review.<\/a> Geraghty et al., BMJ Open, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Using BCG Vaccine to Enhance Nonspecific Protection of Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial.<\/a> Madsen et al., The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n BCG vaccination stimulates integrated organ immunity by feedback of the adaptive immune response to imprint prolonged innate antiviral resistance. <\/a>Lee et al., Nature Immunology, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Multiple BCG vaccinations for the prevention of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in type 1 diabetes.<\/a> Faustman et al., Cell Reports Medicine, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2021<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n A Live-Vaccine-Last Schedule: Saving an Extra Million Lives a Year?<\/a> Shann, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2020<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n BCG vaccination\u2013induced emergency granulopoiesis provides rapid protection from neonatal sepsis.<\/a> Brook et al., Science Translational Medicine, 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The non-specific and sex-differential effects of vaccines<\/a>. Aaby et al., Nature Reviews Immunology, 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Activate: Randomized Clinical Trial of BCG Vaccination against Infection in the Elderly<\/a>. Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al., Cell, 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vaccinology: time to change the paradigm?<\/a> Benn et al., Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2018<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Long-term reduction in hyperglycemia in advanced type 1 diabetes: the value of induced aerobic glycolysis with BCG vaccinations. <\/a>K\u00fchtreiber et al., NPJ Vaccines, 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The influence of BCG on vaccine responses \u2013 a systematic review<\/a>. Zimmermann et al., Expert Review of Vaccines, 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2016<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Sex-Differential Non-Vaccine-Specific Immunological Effects of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Measles Vaccination<\/a>. Noho-Konteh et al., Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n